Which of the following best defines pathogenic microorganisms?

Pathogenic microorganisms are best defined as those that can cause disease in humans, animals, or plants. This definition is essential because it highlights their role in having a negative impact on health, which can lead to various infections and illnesses. The understanding of pathogenic microorganisms is crucial in fields such as medicine, food safety, and environmental health, where controlling these organisms is vital for safeguarding public health.

The distinction between pathogenic microorganisms and other types, such as those that enhance food preservation or promote fermentation, is important in identifying their effects on health and the environment. While some microorganisms can lead to food spoilage, the key characteristic that defines pathogenic microorganisms is their ability to cause disease, setting them apart from those that have beneficial roles in food processing or preservation.